Halal Tourism Destination from Tourist Perspectives: A Review

Halal tourism has developed as a model for developing tourism destinations amid various existing development approaches. The difference is that halal tourism is formed through an image embedded in a tourism management area that seeks to accommodate the unique needs of Muslim tourists. This study utilizes metadata on Google Scholar and selects 11 papers in the Scopus database to formulate the results of previous studies focusing on halal tourist destinations from visitors' perspectives. From the results of this systematic study, a future research framework is offered where the sustainability of halal tourist destinations can be developed on the management of tourist satisfaction formed by product quality, institutional and social support, and image.


INTRODUCTION
The halal industry has now become an essential part of the business paradigm, extending not only to perishable and non-perishable business models, including gastronomy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, financial services, and lately to the tourism industry (Aji, Muslichah, & Seftyono, 2020). Globally, the Muslim population is predicted to grow at about twice the number of non-Muslims in the next two decades. The average annual growth rate is 1.5% for the Muslim population and 0.7% for the non-Muslim population. If this trend continues, Muslims will contribute to 26.4% of the world's total population of 8.3 billion, projected by 2030 (Elfitra Desy . This phenomenon seems to be a consideration for global industry players to consider the halal business model as an effort to expand the market among the world's Muslims. On the demand side, Muslim travelers have been increasingly encouraged to enjoy social interactions and experiences in tourist destinations with conditions different from their home regions, including enjoying a different way of life but visitors (M Rahman, 2020). DMO has been working to build branding as a halal tourism destination to develop the theme of regional development and grow a broad market in this niche segment (Kasdi, 2018;Mas'Ud, 2022).
Various studies have attempted to photograph the phenomenon of halal tourism destinations worldwide.
The study (Al-Hammadi, 2019) provides halal tourism perspectives from Muslims and Non-Muslims on the challenges and opportunities of developing halal tourist destinations in the UAE. A study (Bhoola, 2020) with a more specific setting regarding halal-tourism destination in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. At the same time, the study (Preko, Mohammed, & Allaberganov, 2022a) provides a finding of brand equity antecedents of halal tourism destinations in Ghana that are cognate with the study (Mas'Ud, 2022) Where halal tourism branding is an essential factor in proving the quality of destinations in growing visit satisfaction. Interestingly, studies (Arif, 2022) technically developed the Ratings Based Multi-Criteria Recommender System (MCRS) model as the basis for developing Indonesian halal tourism games.
From the tangibles aspect, several studies focus on providing supporting facilities to develop halal tourism destinations. A study (Meizar Rusli, Firmansyah, & Mbulu, 2018) emphasizes the priority of providing halal food and beverages, places of prayer, gender segregation in recreational facilities, and an Islamic environment.
This study then offers a classification of halal tourism destinations: Phase 1 Conventional Tourism, Phase 2 Muslim Friendly Tourism, Phase 3 Muslim Religious Tourism, and Phase 4 Halal Tourism. This study is supported by the findings of (Yunni Indrani Widjaja, Khalifa, & Abuelhassan, 2020), where the physical aspect contributes more than the non-physical value of halal tourist destinations. Uniquely, the transformation of halal tourist destinations in the case of post-disaster areas in Aceh, Indonesia (Rindrasih, 2019) can drive changes in market segments and host community behavior, as found in (Mas'Ud, 2022).
Some variations of the findings in the study above have provided an idea of how the halal tourist destination side develops. However, various study results use interesting tourist perspectives to be studied systematically to provide an accurate picture of the factors that impact the success of halal tourism destinations. Using a literature review approach, this study aims to reveal the supporting factors of tourist destination performance from tourists' perspectives. This study is divided into 4 (four) parts: the background as described in the previous paragraphs; the second is a literature review of halal tourist destinations; the third is the method, and the fourth is the presentation of the study findings.

Halal Tourism Destination
Halal is an Arabic word associated with Islamic religious rules and goes beyond the provisions for food and beverage products but more broadly to the wide variety of products and services offered to the Muslim population (Aji et al., 2020). Muslims take an avoidant stance in the face of doubt, where some items can be categorized as 'Makrooh' or 'Shubhah' (doubtful or disliked). The Halal label assures all Muslim consumers as a sign of compliance with the requirements provided by Sharia Law, which Muslims must obey (Samori, Md Salleh, & Khalid, 2016). Halal framing was later expanded to provide markers on tourism provision activities that provide services within the framework of compliance with Islamic religious provisions. This is generally behind the birth of halal tourism terminology.
Halal tourism is not defined as tourism to cemeteries (pilgrimages) or mosques, but this tour is of natural, cultural, or artificial origin governed by Islamic values (Meizar . Halal tourism follows Islamic law, where tourists visit tourist destinations, and the tourism industry that provides products, services, and management facilities that follow Islamic law (Jaelani, Handayani, & Karjoko, 2020). Muslims have specific needs that may not be available while traveling to a specific destination. These needs stem from religious provisions requiring them to follow Islamic Sharia (Salem . However, in a variety of relevant literature, it is clear that researchers use terms such as "Halal Tourism," "Islamic Tourism," or "Muslim-Friendly Tourism" to describe tourism products and services that meet the needs of Muslim travelers. The lack of consistency in terminology also contributes to the absence of a universally accepted definition of the concept. The reason behind the diverse definitions is the concept's multidisciplinary nature, and each definition considers different aspects (Yağmur & Aksu, 2020).
Areas with mutually supportive product units in the destination ecosystem dedicated to Muslim tourists' needs are called halal tourist destinations. The development of halal tourist destinations is motivated by the growing interest in the halal market, which is globally valued at US $ 580 billion annually (Olya & Al-ansi, 2018). The development of halal tourist destinations includes tourist destinations in Muslim-majority countries and extends to Muslim minority countries. This phenomenon means that halal tourism includes tourist services and products tailored for Muslim tourists, regardless of whether they visit a Muslim or non-Muslim country (Destiana & Kismartini, 2020).

METHODS
This study used a systematic literature review design to analyze studies related to halal tourism destinations. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Procedure (Pati & Lorusso, 2018) used as a framework for collecting and screening relevant studies. This process includes several stages: identification, selection, assessment, and synthesis of the literature on halal tourism destinations. Data sources for this study are various electronic databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar.
Keywords used in the search include "halal tourism destination," "Muslim-friendly tourism," "Islamic tourism," and other related keyword variants. The deadline was set between 2014 and 2023 to ensure the inclusion of recent studies.
Relevant studies are selected based on previously established inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria include studies focusing on halal tourism destinations, presenting empirical data or conceptual analysis, and publishing in English. After eliminating duplication, the title and abstract of the remaining studies will be assessed to decide whether they meet the inclusion criteria. Relevant data from studies meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted using a predetermined format. The information extracted includes the study title, author, year of publication, research design, methods, samples, findings, and conclusions. Data analysis will be carried out descriptively to identify the main themes in the literature related to halal tourism destinations.
Study quality assessment will be conducted using appropriate assessment tools, such as the study quality assessment tool suggested by PRISMA or the bias risk assessment tool for literature review. This assessment will help better understand the strengths and weaknesses of each study included in this literature review. The synthesis of selected studies will be presented in the form of narratives and thematic matrices. Key themes will be identified and compiled from the literature to understand halal tourism destinations comprehensively. The findings will be systematically summarized and presented in the next chapter. Through this PRISMA procedure, it is hoped that this research can provide a comprehensive understanding of halal tourism destinations and provide valuable insights for developing the tourism industry that accommodates the needs of Muslim tourists.

Bibliometric Analysis
This study explores metadata on halal tourism destinations in the Google Scholar database with a time range of 2014-2023. Data obtained that the number of publications fluctuated in 2014-208 but increased significantly in the following years. This means that researchers' attention to this topic has experienced an increasing trend in the last five years. In 2014 there were two publications, which grew to almost in 2022 by 44 and as many as 21 by 2023 by June, as presented in Figure 1.   Table 1.

Content Analysis
Using the syntax "halal tourism destination," found publication metadata of 1,120 papers with publication years 2013-2023. Of these, filtering was carried out on the type of technical paper so that a total of 103 papers were found, then selected qualitatively by considering the achievement of study objectives so that as many as 12 papers were obtained for review, with resumes presented in Table 2. Examining aspects of perception of access, communication, and environment supports the intention of visiting halal tourist destinations.
Tourists in halal tourist destinations in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Rahman et al., 2020) Examine the influence of non-Muslim tourists' perceptions of halal products or services on their loyalty to halal tourist destinations.

(Mahfuzur
Non-Muslim tourists in Malaysia 10. (Preko, Mohammed, & Allaberganov, 2022b) to examine the antecedents of halal brand equity on destination brand equity (DBE) in the tourism sector  (Zulvianti, 2022) Investigating the influence of environmental and nonenvironmental factors on tourist satisfaction in tourist destinations.
Tourists in halal tourist destinations West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Source: processed research data, 2023 Halal tourist destinations are an effort to engineer the business model of tourism destinations to accommodate the unique needs of Muslim tourists. Halal tourist destinations are generally developed as a branding and business model rather than an effort to change physically. Empirical facts show that halal tourist destination brands' launch is followed by providing a value-chain model that follows Islamic provisions, especially in hotels, transportation, entertainment and shopping, toilets, and service staff (X Jia, 2020).
Destination branding is used to meet the motivations of Muslim travelers who want a form of travel that suits their religious practices (S Harahsheh, 2020). Studi (M Rusli, Firmansyah, & ..., 2018) have categorized the development stage of halal tourism destinations based on differences in the application of halal standards and norms, including 1-conventional tourism; 2-Muslim friendly tourism; 3-Muslim religious tourism; and 4-halal tourism destination. This is supported by studies (Kasdi, 2018) where Kudus, a city in Central Java, Indonesia is branding as a halal tourist destination with consideration of the characteristics and availability of tourism resources they have. This city has historically been one of the centers of Islamic da'wah in the past, and has historical remains related to this which then without changing many physical features, the city is branded as a halal tourist destination.
From the perspective of tourists, halal tourist destination brands can provide trust if accompanied by the delivery of products that meet tourist expectations, which will encourage return visits in the future (E D . This is supported by the findings in the study (Y I Yagmur, 2020), Where mental imagery is a crucial element for tourists in evaluating halal tourist destinations.
The study (Hoere & Masnita, 2022) Photographed an antecedent of brand equity of halal tourist destinations: brand quality, awareness, value, and image. Thus, public policy owners and destination managers need to formulate strategies and implement policies and practices to improve effective evaluations from tourists.
Studies (M Y Yusuf, 2021) revealed that access, communication, environment, and services could determine the growth of halal tourism travel intentions in Aceh. In particular, environment and service are two variables that significantly and positively influence increasing visitor intentions to Aceh Province. Recursively over environmental aspects, studies (Zulvianti, 2022) found that tourist visits to destinations impact the environment and local communities resulting in sustainable tourism. In addition, this study also contributes to the understanding of sustainable tourism development as a mediator between perceived environmental value and the performance of halal-friendly destinations on tourist satisfaction. DMO is essential in tourism development to maximize local benefits and protect the community's social welfare.
From different perspectives, studies (Mahfuzur Rahman et al., 2020) show that halal tourism destinations' products and services affect the satisfaction of non-Muslim tourists, which in turn creates loyalty intentions to make additional trips to halal tourist destinations. This shows that the designation of tourist destinations is not an obstacle for non-Muslim tourists to visit these destinations, as the study found (M K Rahman, 2022), where the quality of travel and service remains the primary concern of non-Muslim tourists in halal tourist destinations. Nevertheless, overly strict rules and regulations in halal tourism can reduce the interest of non-Muslim tourists. To attract more non-Muslim tourists, DMO needs to balance halal tourism products and services with the needs of non-Muslims. The study aligns with the findings (Perguna, 2021) conducted in Bali, a tourist destination with a majority non-Muslim population, highlighting the importance of using innovative technologies and policies to address cultural sensitivity issues.
So based on this study, a research model can be offered for future excavations as follows. future returns. Muslim visitors seek experiences that align with their religious practices, such as an Islamicfriendly environment, adequate service, and products that comply with halal rules. A positive cognitive image of halal tourist destinations is also essential in visitor assessment. In addition, the development of sustainable halal tourist destinations is also a significant concern. Visitors expect a clean environment, exemplary nature conservation, and positive interactions with the local community. Maintaining an environment and friendly service will positively impact visitor satisfaction and destination sustainability.
Interestingly, halal tourist destinations are also attractive to non-Muslim visitors. The products and services of halal destinations can affect their satisfaction, and the quality of travel and service remains a significant concern. However, remember that overly strict rules and regulations in halal tourism can reduce the interest of non-Muslim visitors. Therefore, developers and stakeholders need to maintain a balance between the needs of Muslim and non-Muslim visitors. This study offers a future research framework to shape the sustainability of halal tourism destinations, and it can be built by visitor satisfaction shaped by the quality of halal tourism destination products, DMO, institutional social support, and a strong image of halal tourism destinations.